The Right pet for our lifestyle
People keep pets for various reasons: companionship, security, emotional well-being, teaching children responsibility, or simply for the joy animals bring. Dogs of different breeds available in important cities of Odisha include Labradors, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherd, Beagles, Shih Tzus, Pomeranians, Cocker Spaniels Boxer, Siberian Huskies, Pugs, Great Dane, Dachshunds, Dobermans, Tibetan Mastiffs, Poodles, Basset Hounds, Bullmastiff, Saint Bernard, Chow Chow, Alaskan Malamute, Dalmatian and Indian Pariah/ Indies. They are different with respect to their body weight, height, hair coat, facial appearance, physical ability, floor space requirement, adaptability to climatic condition, level of maintenance, intelligence, attitude, disease susceptibility etc. Male dogs may be slightly larger and more independent; females tend to be more affectionate and attentive. Spaying or neutering helps reduce unwanted behaviors and health risks. Small breeds live longer (12–16 years); large breeds have shorter life spans (8–12 years). Pets do need personal attention with special care such as grooming, feeding, exercise, family attachment etc. Owning a pet has financial commitment in terms of food, veterinary care (vaccinations, deworming, and illness management), grooming and bedding accessories. Hence, it would be always wise to consider these points while selecting a pet. Some of the points are outlined hereunder to support the selection process.
Breeds fit to hot and humid climate: Our native breed (Indian Pariah) naturally adapts to hot and humid climate. There is no need for air conditioning unless extreme weather arises. Besides, small hair breeds such as Dobermans, Great Dane and Boxer are also considered fit for the purpose.
Breeds suitable for apartments: Small-sized breeds of low maintenance, friendly temperament, preferred to stay indoors and requiring minimal exercise of short walks of 15-20 minutes are preferred eg, Pugs, Chihuahuas, Shih Tzu, Poodles, Beagles. Bulldogs, Indian Spitz and Pomeranian can also be kept. However, they require regular grooming to keep their skin/hair coat healthy. Rottweilers and Doberman Pinschers requiring consistent training and early socialization are not typically recommended for first-time pet parents or apartment living due to their strength, territorial nature, and potential reactivity.
Breeds suitable for house with courtyard and/or garden: Medium to large sized breeds requiring adequate physical activity are usually preferred by owners living in houses with small courtyard or garden, eg, German Shepherds, Golden retrievers, Labradors, Great Dane and Boxer. They are usually loving, attentive, friendly, intelligent and quick learners. However, periodic grooming is required for long hair breeds especially during shedding seasons.
Breeds with long hair: Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, Maltese, Cocker spaniel etc. need high grooming with special care for body coat because of its characteristic long and thick coats to avoid mat formation, fungal infections, hotspots or other skin problems. Pet owners can keep them comfortable by looking for signs of skin problems and treating them early. Certain breeds have more skin problems than others.
Choice of breed for pet owners remaining absent longer hour: Owner should spare some time for different activities such as brushing/ combing for long haired breeds and regular exercise for medium to large breeds, eg Dobermann Pinscher and Dalmatian those are highly trainable and energetic. Most dogs require occasional bathing due to soiled coats or canine odors. Non-shedding breeds benefit from baths every 4 to 8 weeks, while thick undercoat dogs should bathe during shedding.
Breeds more adaptable and beginner-friendly: First-Time dog owners usually prefer Labrador Retriever, Beagle, Pug, Dachshund and Indian Pariah because they are easy to train, have stable temperaments, friendly, eager to please, and loyal with proper socialization. Pet parents must know how their dog might react to specific situations, how to prevent or manage such reactions, and how to build trust over time.
Breeds best for kids: Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Beagles are often great choices in families with kids due to their friendly, patient, and playful nature. However, do not leave kids alone with pets unmonitored.
Benefits of Indian Pariah dogs: They are well-adapted to the local environment. And considered low-maintenance, resilient, and require less medical attention compared to international breeds. They have a naturally strong immune system, making them less susceptible to common health issues. Indies are familiar with the local sounds and surroundings thereby making their adjustment smoother.
Disease susceptibility: Various dog breeds exhibit different susceptibilities to specific diseases, often linked to their genetic makeup and anatomical features. Some breeds are more likely to carry certain genetic mutations, increasing their risk of developing inherited diseases. Additionally, breeds can differ in their natural resistance to infectious diseases, with some being more prone to certain pathogens. Breeds, like Labrador retrievers, Rottweilers, and German shepherd dogs, are more susceptible to conditions like elbow dysplasia (ED) and hip dysplasia. Beagles can be susceptible to epilepsy. Brachycephalic breeds (Pugs, bulldogs) are particularly susceptible to respiratory problems and eye problems. Dachshunds are known to be highly susceptible to Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD). Bulldogs are predisposed to atopic dermatitis. Labrador Retrievers are recognized as being predisposed to Mast Cell Tumors (MCTs).German Shepherds are susceptible to food allergies, flea allergies, and environmental reactions.
Pet ownership is a life-enhancing experience that brings joy, companionship, and emotional support. However, choosing the right pet requires thoughtful planning and awareness of boththe animal's needs and owner’s lifestyle, environment, and the local climate. The topic bottom line- ‘Every dog is a unique individual’. Hence, it would be wise to consult vets for proper selection of a good match, both breed and sex, suitable for a particular home.
Inputs by Dr. Pubaleem Deka and Dr. Kaveri Jambagi, Assistant Professors, Department of Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SOA Deemed University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
