Infertility in men and women: A growing concern in India

Infertility has become a significant health issue in India, with an estimated 27.5 million couples facing challenges in conceiving. Despite advancements in reproductive healthcare, infertility services remain largely inaccessible, especially in the public sector. According to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) 2025 State of World Population (SOWP) Report, 13% of individuals cite infertility as a barrier to their reproductive goals.   

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One of the key concerns highlighted by experts is the high cost of fertility treatments, which limits access for many couples. While private clinics offer advanced procedures, their affordability remains questionable. Additionally, financial constraints, housing limitations, and job insecurity are other factors preventing individuals from achieving their desired family size.  

Social stigma adds another layer of difficulty, particularly for women, who often face societal pressures and misconceptions regarding infertility. However, experts emphasize that infertility affects both men and women equally. Factors such as lifestyle choices, environmental conditions, hormonal imbalances, and underlying medical issues contribute to reproductive difficulties.  

Dr. Sujata Kar, a renowned Obstetrician and Gynecologist based in Bhubaneswar, emphasizes the importance of educating couples on infertility and reproductive choices. She states, “Infertility is not just a medical issue but a social challenge. Couples should be empowered with the right information and resources so they can make informed decisions about parenthood without fear of judgment.”  

The solution to India’s fertility concerns lies in greater reproductive agency—ensuring individuals can make free and informed choices regarding their reproductive health. Expanding affordable fertility care, providing paid family leave, and reducing societal stigma are essential steps toward addressing this issue. As the UNFPA report highlights, supporting reproductive goals is more crucial than worrying about population decline or explosion.   

By making fertility treatments more accessible and fostering open conversations about reproductive health, India can move toward a future where every individual has the freedom to create the family they desire.